资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
丰收是最好的论文 大学青年教师下田助粮食增产****** 这个冬天,眉山职业技术学院农业教研室主任魏文武正在挑战一个新纪录。 夏收之后,在四川省眉山市东坡区的良田里,农户种上了萝卜、芥菜、泽泻等蔬菜和中药材,来年春天再种下水稻。一年两季的种植模式,是人们按照当地气候、土壤条件摸索出来的最优方案。 现在,魏文武要尝试的是“一年三季”。他领导的研究团队在12月泽泻收获前一个月左右播种小麦,来年5月收割小麦后种水稻。如果试验成功,将大大提高土地利用率,也意味着农民会有更多的收获。 推动粮食提质、增产、增效,是这名大学教师从教以来不懈追求的目标。特别是2018年以来,魏文武团队的一批中青年教师依托眉山市岷江现代农业示范园区,借力“一优两高”生产竞赛,推动粮食生产不断创造新纪录。 “一优两高”是指优质、高产、高效。眉山的这场生产竞赛由当地政府发起,行业、企业、高校、农户多方参与。眉山职业技术学院承担了生产竞赛的组织任务,魏文武担任竞赛专家组副组长。 这是一项贯穿全年的系统任务。魏文武介绍,除了组织竞赛外,团队教师还要负责新品种、新技术的试验、示范和推广,对种植大户开展技术培训,帮助他们解决生产过程中的技术问题。 每年,魏文武团队向各地种业企业征集几十、上百个新品种,在眉山市东坡区太和镇永丰村的中试基地开展试验,根据中试结果,挑选出适合当地种植的新品种,再进行更大范围的种植示范,并组织种粮大户观摩。 “种粮大户会根据我们的试验结果选择中意的品种。”魏文武说,在这个环节,学校团队的任务就是帮农户选种质资源。 农户选中新品种开始种植后,魏文武团队迎来了第二个环节的工作:技术服务。他说,新品种大面积种植过程中,团队要协助农户把技术方案贯彻下去。“这就是我们专家组存在的价值”。 “一优两高”竞赛吸引了很多种粮大户的参与。太和镇金光村90后种粮大户徐杰说,这个过程充满挑战性,除了产量、品质等数据指标外,大赛还会现场蒸煮米饭,由专家、农户品尝,对口感进行打分,俨然一个“比武”现场。 技术研究工作并不轻松。每年3月至8月水稻生产季,魏文武平均每周有两三天在基地的田里,观察水稻生长情况、收集数据等。特别是收获季节,面临繁重的测产等任务,魏文武团队有几十名师生天天在田间忙碌。 因为经常下田,他车子的后备厢里常年放着一双筒靴,以备不时之需。暑假在田里做试验时,团队老师和同学们都在一起,亲力亲为。 “热!累!”这是该学院2020级学生张昶维对今年暑假的总结。当时,四川盆地遭遇了历史上罕见的高温干旱天气,张昶维等20多名学生加入测产团队,验收今年的粮食生产成果。 学生们试图用抹防晒霜来抵御阳光,但发现用处不大,最后只戴了袖套,防止割伤。暑假的这段经历,让在城市里长大的王杰平感受到“每一粒粮食都来之不易”,也“对农业有了更深刻的认识”。 下田,是眉山职业技术学院现代农业技术专业学生的必修课。虽然专业名称里带着“现代”两个字,但魏文武认为,无论技术怎么发展,下田永远都应该是农学专业学生的“必修课”,这是他们认识农业的关键一环。 团队里的青年教师也在这个过程中得到了锻炼。通过组织“一优两高”生产竞赛以及接地气的研究工作,魏文武团队每年都有论文成果发表,也锻炼了包括90后青年教师在内的团队成员的科研能力。 近年来,魏文武团队的多项生产技术得到推广应用,累计推广面积587.20万亩,最高单产达到969公斤/亩,创造了四川平原浅丘水稻高产纪录。机插秧“基缓追速”施肥技术减少了施肥次数、施肥量,并显著提高产量,仅施肥管理一项的节本增效就超过80元/亩。 截至目前,通过“一优两高”水稻新品种试验,魏文武团队累计完成340余个水稻品种的多年对比试验,筛选出40个适种该区域的优质高产品种,推动区域优质水稻占比由2012年的不足12.45%增长至2021年的86.55%,解决了本区域水稻产量不高、品质不优的问题。 今年8月,魏文武被评为四川省农业丰收奖“先进个人”。作为来自高校的获奖者,魏文武认为,如果科研工作不融入粮食生产过程中,就谈不上学有所用。因此他更看重技术推广之后给粮食增产、农民增收带来的实际改变。 他说:“粮食增产、农民增收,比发表论文更令人喜悦。” (中国青年报 记者 王鑫昕) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |